Representation of faults and their transmissibilities are advanced features provided in many simulators.Other types of simulators include finite element and streamline. This 'refined meshing' near wellbores is extremely important when analyzing issues such as water and gas coning in reservoirs. Local grid refinements (a finer grid embedded inside of a coarse grid) are also a feature provided by many simulators to more accurately represent the near wellbore multi-phase flow effects. Theoretically, finite difference models permit discretization of the reservoir using both structured and more complex unstructured grids to accurately represent the geometry of the reservoir.2-D approximations are also used in various conceptual models, such as cross-sections and 2-D radial grid models. Most modern FD simulation programs allow for construction of 3-D representations for use in either full-field or single-well models.Numerical techniques and approaches that are common in modern simulators:
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